Esala Perahera

Sri Lanka is renowned for its vibrant cultural heritage, and among its many festivals, the Esala Perahera in Kandy stands out as one of the most significant and spectacular events. Celebrated annually, this grand procession offers a unique blend of religious fervor, history, tradition, and artistic expression. The Esala Perahera is an iconic part of the cultural landscape of Sri Lanka and draws thousands of tourists from across the globe every year.

For those planning to explore this extraordinary event, this guide provides an insight into the Esala Perahera, its historical roots, how it is celebrated, what to expect, and tips on making the most of your visit to Kandy.

Location and Accessibility

Kandy, the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, is located in the central highlands, around 115 kilometers (approximately 71 miles) from Colombo, the country's capital. Kandy itself is situated in a picturesque basin surrounded by mountains, waterfalls, and hills, creating an ideal setting for the grand procession.

The Esala Perahera takes place annually during the Esala month of the Buddhist calendar, typically around July or August. The festival is held in honor of the Sacred Tooth Relic (Dalada), one of Buddhism’s holiest artifacts, believed to be the tooth of Buddha, which is enshrined at the Dalada Maligawa (Temple of the Tooth) in Kandy.

The procession starts from the Temple of the Tooth and winds its way through the streets of Kandy, passing by notable landmarks, historical sites, and natural beauty. It is a sight to behold, with thousands of spectators flocking to Kandy from near and far to witness this grand spectacle.

History of the Esala Perahera

The origins of the Esala Perahera date back over 2,000 years. The procession was first introduced during the Anuradhapura period, where it was a royal celebration to honor the arrival of the Sacred Tooth Relic to Sri Lanka. Over the centuries, it evolved into the vibrant cultural event we see today, blending religious rituals with entertainment and artistry.

It is said that the festival started in the ancient kingdom of Anuradhapura but was later moved to Kandy after it became the capital of Sri Lanka in the 16th century. It remains one of the most famous Buddhist festivals in the world.

Highlights of the Esala Perahera

The Esala Perahera is a cultural extravaganza, and its highlight is the grand procession that takes place over ten days. During these ten days, thousands of performers, dancers, drummers, and elephants participate in the event. The procession is divided into several components, each playing an important role in the overall religious and cultural expression.

The Sacred Tooth Relic Procession: At the heart of the Esala Perahera is the venerated Sacred Tooth Relic, carried in a beautifully decorated golden casket on the back of a majestic elephant. The relic is said to hold immense religious significance to Sri Lankan Buddhists, and the sight of the sacred relic being paraded through the streets draws awe and reverence from all attendees.
The Decorated Elephants: One of the most iconic features of the Esala Perahera is the parade of elephants, some of whom are dressed in resplendent ceremonial attire. These elephants, adorned with colorful decorations, carry the religious symbols, including the sacred relic. It is a breathtaking sight to see these magnificent animals participate in such a grand festival, and it is one of the main draws for tourists.
Traditional Dances and Drumming: Traditional Kandyan dances are an integral part of the Esala Perahera, with performers showcasing intricate movements and vibrant costumes. The Uda Rata dancers, low country dancers, and Sabaragamuwa dancers all contribute to the lively atmosphere. Along with the dancers, the sounds of drummers—including the famous Geta Bera—fill the air, creating an intoxicating rhythm that accompanies the procession.
The Fire Dancers: A spectacular element of the Perahera is the mesmerizing display of fire dancers. These brave performers twirl flaming torches in a dance of fire and light, adding an element of danger and excitement to the proceedings.
The Silver Procession: A special highlight is the silver procession, where performers carry sacred offerings, including silver crowns, jewelry, and symbolic objects. These are carried on beautifully decorated floats, creating an enchanting scene as they glisten in the light.
The Religious Rituals: While the processions are an incredible spectacle, the religious rituals behind the event are just as important. Each night, there are prayers and rituals conducted at the Temple of the Tooth, with monks leading the ceremonies and making offerings to the Sacred Tooth Relic.

Attractions to Explore in Kandy During the Festival

Apart from the Esala Perahera itself, Kandy has several iconic attractions that visitors can explore to enrich their cultural experience.

Temple of the Tooth Relic (Dalada Maligawa): A must-visit in Kandy, the Temple of the Tooth Relic is the focal point of the festival. This sacred Buddhist site houses the relic and is an architectural marvel. Visitors can observe the morning and evening rituals, which are an integral part of Kandy’s spiritual life.
Kandy Lake: Located next to the Temple of the Tooth, Kandy Lake is a picturesque spot for a relaxing stroll. Surrounded by the lush greenery of the hills, this man-made lake adds to the serene atmosphere of the city.
Royal Palace of Kandy: The Royal Palace, which once housed the Sinhalese kings, is now a museum showcasing the history of the Kandyan kingdom. Visitors can walk through the rooms and corridors of the palace and learn about the royal lifestyle.
Peradeniya Botanical Gardens: Located a short distance from Kandy, these lush gardens are an oasis of calm, perfect for nature lovers. The gardens host a wide variety of plants, including orchids and giant bamboo, and are perfect for a relaxed day out.
Udawatta Kele Sanctuary: If you're interested in wildlife and nature, the Udawatta Kele Sanctuary offers scenic trails through tropical forest areas right in the heart of Kandy. Birdwatching and nature walks here offer a peaceful contrast to the lively Perahera celebrations.

When to Visit Kandy for the Esala Perahera

The Esala Perahera is traditionally celebrated in the month of Esala (July or August), lasting about ten days, with the grand final procession usually taking place on the full moon day. Visitors wishing to witness this grand spectacle should plan their visit accordingly.

Best Time to Visit: During the Esala Perahera (July-August), when the city is buzzing with activity and the festival is at its peak.
Other Considerations: Kandy's climate is mild, but expect occasional rainfall during the monsoon season (May to September), so packing light, waterproof clothing is advisable.

Sample Itinerary for the Esala Perahera

Day 1: Arrive in Kandy from Colombo and check into your hotel. Spend the day exploring Kandy Lake and the Temple of the Tooth.

Day 2: Visit the Royal Palace and Peradeniya Botanical Gardens in the morning. In the evening, join the crowd to witness the grand Esala Perahera procession and experience the vibrancy of Kandy’s cultural heritage.

Day 3: Explore the Udawatta Kele Sanctuary and take a leisurely walk around the city before heading back to Colombo.

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